![]() ![]() "(1) the referential function is oriented toward the context (the dominant function in a message like 'Water boils at 100 degrees') (2) the emotive function is oriented toward the addresser (as in the interjections 'Bah!' and 'Oh!') (3) the conative function is oriented toward the addressee (imperatives and apostrophes) (4) the phatic function serves to establish, prolong or discontinue communication (as in 'Hello?') (5) the metalingual function is used to establish mutual agreement on the code (for example, a definition) (6) the poetic function (e.g., 'Smurf'), puts 'the focus on the message for its own sake' " (trans. This yields six functions:įactors of communication and functions of languageīriefly, these six functions can be described as follows: 28) 2.1 FACTORS OF COMMUNICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGEĪccording to Jakobson, any act of verbal communication is composed of six elements, or factors (the terms of the model): (1) a context (the co-text, that is, the other verbal signs in the same message, and the world in which the message takes place), (2) an addresser (a sender, or enunciator ), (3) an addressee (a receiver, or enunciatee), (4) a contact between an addresser and addressee, (5) a common code and (6) a message.Įach factor is the focal point of an oriented relation, or function, that operates between the message and the factor. The sender can give the pros and cons, defend his ideas and counter other people's ideas." (trans. In an argumentative-appellative discourse, the prompting takes the form of an argument. 27-28) believe that there are two forms of the appellative function (conative function): in a "directive-appellative discourse, the sender leads others to act without justifying his will with arguments of any kind. 25) sees the metalingual function simply as a specific subtype of the referential function. We will mention just one point of controversy here, which is the number of factors (terms) and functions (relations between the terms) the model contains and the possible subtypes of any factor or function. NOTE: THE NUMBER OF FACTORS, FUNCTIONS AND SUB-FUNCTIONS When we analyze the functions of language for a given unit (such as a word, a text or an image), we specify to which class or type it belongs (e.g., a textual or pictorial genre), which functions are present/absent, and the characteristics of the functions, including the hierarchical relations and any other relations that may operate between them. ![]() Our purpose in this chapter is simply to suggest a few ways of exploiting the analytical potential of this device. ![]() 350-377), can be disputed on several grounds from a theoretical standpoint. The well-known model of the functions of language introduced by the Russian-American linguist, Roman Jakobson (1960, pp. Studying literature in Canada at UQAR (in French).Figurative, Thematic and Axiological Analysis.Semiotic Process and Classification of Signs.Structure, Semiotic Relations and Homologation. ![]()
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